Buccellati has published extensively in the fields of Akkadian philology, linguistics and literature; cuneiform graphemics; history of Mesopotamian political institutions and religion; archaeology of Syria; digital systems applied to Mesopotamia.
With his wife Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati, Professor Emerita of California State University, Los Angeles, he has conducted archaeological excavations and surveys in Iraq, Turkey, the Caucasus and especially in Syria.
He then taught at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), where, in 1973, he founded the Cotsen Institute of Archeology directing it for the next ten years and where, since 1994, he has been professor emeritus in the two departments of languages and history.
His in-depth research and related publications concern the Akkadian world (philology, linguistics, and literature), cuneiform graphematics, the history of the political and religious institutions of Mesopotamia and the archaeology of Syria.
With his wife Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati he has participated in and directed archaeological projects in Iraq (in Nippur and Dilbat), in Turkey (at Korucutepe), in the Caucasus and especially in Syria (in Terqa and Urkesh/Tell Mozan).