Giovanni Battista Altieri (20 June 1589 – 26 November 1654) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal.
The Altieri family belonged to the ancient Roman Papal nobility and had enjoyed the highest consideration at Rome for several centuries; they had occasionally contracted alliances with the Colonnas and the Orsinis.
During earlier pontificates, the Altieri held many important offices and had been entrusted with several delicate missions.
Altieri was elevated to cardinal by Pope Urban VIII on 13 July 1643 and was installed, the following month, as Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria sopra Minerva.
He was buried at the Altieri family chapel in the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva.