Gireogi appa

[2] The term is inspired by the fact that geese are a species that migrate, just as gireogi appa fathers travel great distances to see their families.

In addition, due to a sudden change in the form of the family, fathers who live alone suffer from extremely intense loneliness and desolation.

[8] If the man cannot afford to send his children abroad, and rents a small studio for his family in Gangnam (a district of Seoul dense with hagwon) the father is a "sparrow dad" (참새 아빠).

If the man sends his children to elementary school in Daechi, he hires lodgings and is called a "Daejeon-dong dad" (대전동 아빠).

[9] More than 40,000 South Korean schoolchildren are believed to be living in the United States, Canada, England, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore expressly to increase English-speaking ability.