Born from a debate with Edgar Degas, who doubted women's artistic abilities, the painting reflects Cassatt's successful attempt to prove him wrong.

Cassatt deliberately chose an unconventional subject, experimenting with the simultaneous depiction of ugliness and beauty, a technique acquired from Degas.

[3]Cassatt’s attempts at proving her style were successful, as Degas's fascination with the piece led to his acquisition of Girl Arranging Her Hair for his personal collection.

[4] As was the case with the majority of artworks by friends in his collection, Girl Arranging Her Hair was handed over to Degas through a trade—he gave Cassat his 1886 Woman Bathing in a Shallow Tub in exchange.

[5]: 5 Girl Arranging Her Hair does not closely resemble Cassatt’s usual style, which was characterized by refined techniques and much attention to detail.

[4] In contrast, Girl Arranging Her Hair exhibits a greater emphasis on drawing, and shows Cassatt’s progression as an artist toward a more controlled approach.

[8] In terms of subject matter, Girl Arranging Her Hair resembles other works by Cassatt in representing a scene from everyday life.