Glacier cave

Heat transfer from the water can cause sufficient melting to create an air-filled cavity, sometimes aided by solifluction.

The water flow must dissipate enough heat to keep the glacier ice refreezing in polar areas.

Air movement can then assist enlargement through melting in summer and sublimation in winter.

The downward infiltration are made of flow of melting superice in glacial systems.

Some glacier caves are formed by geothermal heat from volcanic vents or hotsprings beneath the ice.

A partly submerged glacier cave on Perito Moreno Glacier . The ice facade is approximately 60 m high
Ice formations in the Titlis glacier cave
This glacier cave has been excavated by a hot spring underneath a snow field in south central Iceland , a country where such formations are common due to the high geothermal and volcanic activity, plus the high latitude, cold weather, and frequent snowfall.