The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (or simply the Global Fund) is an international financing and partnership organization that aims to "attract, leverage and invest additional resources to end the epidemics of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria to support attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations".

[4] The Global Fund is the world's largest financier of AIDS, TB, and malaria prevention, treatment, and care programs.

Implementation is overseen by Country Coordinating Mechanisms, country-level committees consisting of in-country stakeholders that need to include, according to Global Fund requirements, a broad spectrum of representatives from government, NGOs, faith-based organizations, the private sector, and people living with the diseases.

The model has also raised concerns about conflict of interest, as some of the stakeholders represented on the Country Coordinating Mechanisms may also receive money from the Global Fund, either as grant recipients, sub-recipients, private persons (e.g. for travel or participation at seminars) or contractors.

[9] At the end of the 20th century, international political will to improve coordinated efforts to fight the world's deadliest infectious diseases began to materialize.

The original concept suggested tackling "malaria, tuberculosis, unsafe pregnancy, AIDS, diarrheal diseases, acute respiratory infections and measles".

[14][15][16] In April 2001, in Abuja, Nigeria at a summit of African leaders, United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan made the first explicit public call by a highly visible global leader for this new funding mechanism, proposing "the creation of a Global Fund, dedicated to the battle against HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases".

Having just been named the recipient of the 2001 Philadelphia Liberty Medal, Annan announced he would donate his US$100,000 award to the Global Fund "war chest" he had just proposed creating.

To meet that commitment and to respond to the appeal of the UN General Assembly, we have launched with the UN Secretary-General a new Global Fund to fight HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis.

The Fund will be a public-private partnership and we call on other countries, the private sector, foundations, and academic institutions to join with their own contributions – financially, in kind and through shared expertise.

[22][23] The first secretariat was established in January 2002 with Paul Ehmer serving as team leader, soon replaced by Anders Nordstrom of Sweden who became the organization's interim executive director.

[27] Recent efforts include lowering the cost of key treatments for drug-resistant TB by 55% and first-line HIV medications by 25%, while introducing a more effective insecticide-treated mosquito net.

[28] The Fund’s initiatives, including supporting 25 million people on antiretroviral medication, have saved $85 billion by reducing hospitalization and outpatient visits.

Anand Reddi, a key contributor to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, has published critical implementation evidence to support the scale-up of antiretroviral therapies in resource limited settings and has been instrumental in advocating for the protection of U.S. global health funding to combat these diseases effectively.

[35] As part of the public-private partnership, all stakeholders play an important role in resource mobilisation efforts - including communities and civil society organisations.

In 2011, at the 4th Partnership Forum[36] held in São Paulo, Brazil, the Global Fund Advocates Network (GFAN) was founded.

[40] In December 2013, the fourth replenishment meeting was held in Washington, D.C. US$12 billion was pledged in contributions from 25 countries, as well as the European Commission, private foundations, corporations, and faith-based organizations for the 2014–2016 period.

"[49] In September 2011, the AIDS Healthcare Foundation called for Kazatchkine's resignation in the wake of isolated yet unprecedented reports of "waste, fraud, and corruption" in order that "reforms may begin in earnest".

[52] Following Kazatchkine's resignation, the Global Fund announced the appointment of Gabriel Jaramillo, the former chairman and chief executive officer of Sovereign Bank, to the newly created position of general manager.

[55] A nominating process to find a successor to Dybul ran into trouble in 2017 because nominees had spoken out against Donald Trump as a candidate for president of the United States.

[59] The Global Fund was formed as an independent, non-profit foundation under Swiss law and hosted by the World Health Organization in January 2002.

[citation needed] The United Nations Development Programme, in particular, bears responsibility for supporting Global Fund-financed projects in a number of countries.

[citation needed] As a result, the organisation is most accurately described as a financial supplement to the existing global health architecture rather than as a separate approach.

[citation needed] The current Board Leadership is made up of Lady Roslyn Morauta and Bience Gawanas, who assumed their tenures in May 2023.

"[76] After the Associated Press story, a number of op-eds, including one by Michael Gerson published in The Washington Post in February 2011, sought to put the controversy surrounding the misuse of Global Fund grants in perspective.

[citation needed] In February 2011, Financial Times reported that the Global Fund board failed to act previously on concerns over accountability including on the conclusion of an external evaluation in 2009 that criticized the organization's weak procurement practices.