[1] GPN frameworks combines the insights from the global value chain analysis, actor–network theory and literature on Varieties of Capitalism.
GPN framework provides analytical platform that relates sub-national regional development[2] with clustering dynamics.
These networks are situationally specific, socially constructed, and locally integrated, underscoring the social embeddedness of economic organization The concept was developed further by a number of authors that emphasized importance of chain governance in different commodities (e.g. automobiles, textile, electronics etc.)
At the beginning of 2000s a group of authors Jeffrey Henderson, Peter Dicken, Martin Hess, Neil Coe and Henry Wai-Chung Yeung, introduced GPN framework, that builds on the development of previous approaches to international production processes.
Andersen and Christensen define five major types of connective nodes in supply networks: Local integrator, Export base, Import base, International spanner and Global integrator [6] Hobday et al. argue that the core capability of the firms stem from their ability to manage network of components and subsystem suppliers.