[4] However, "Epidemiologic studies of workers for possible health effects from exposures to acrylamide have not shown a consistent increase in cancer risk.

"[7] Early studies showed that glycidamides can be synthesized by the action of hydrogen peroxide on acrylonitrile derivatives.

When during food processing, oil is used that contains unsaturated fatty acids, the amount of glycidamide formed is much higher.

[11] According to a major review, acrylamide "is extensively metabolized, mostly by conjugation with glutathione but also by epoxidation to glycidamide (GA).

"[12][5][13] Glycidamide inhibits the sodium/potassium ATPase protein present in the plasma membrane of nerve cells.

Substances in the liver modify the compounds to make them more soluble in water, in order to excrete them through bile and urine.

These glycidamide-glutathione conjugates are further metabolized to mercapturic acids by various peptidases and transferases, such as gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, dipeptidase, and N-acetyltransferase.

[6] Mice and rats show mutations and DNA adducts consistent with those arising from glycidamide.