The Glyptothek (German: [ɡlʏptoˈteːk] ⓘ) is a museum in Munich, Germany, which was commissioned by the Bavarian King Ludwig I to house his collection of Greek and Roman sculptures (hence γλυπτο- glypto- "sculpture", from the Greek verb γλύφειν glyphein "to carve" and the noun θήκη "container").

The Glyptothek was commissioned by the Crown Prince (later King) Ludwig I of Bavaria alongside other projects, such as the neighboring Königsplatz and the building which houses the State Collection of Greek and Roman Antiquities, as a monument to ancient Greece.

He envisioned a "German Athens", in which the ancient Greek culture would be remembered; he had this built in front of the gates of Munich.

In the few years between 1806 and the opening of the museum in 1830, Ludwig completed a notable collection of Greek and Roman sculpture.

Through his agents, he managed to acquire such pieces as the Medusa Rondanini, the Barberini Faun, and, in 1813, the figures from the Aphaea temple on Aegina.

The Second World War did not destroy much of the artwork in the Glyptothek; but the frescoes did not survive and only lightly plastered bricks were visible after the museum was reopened in 1972.

The thirteen rectangular, square or round rooms are arranged around a courtyard, the vestibule in the central building dominates the halls of height.

The Glyptothek contains sculptures dating from the archaic age (c. 650 BC) to the Roman era (c. 550 AD).

With the support of the cultural foundations of the German states, the Glyptothek was able to acquire in 2017 a bust of Caligula (c. 40 AD), excavated in Córdoba in 1937.