The Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites (Korean: 고창 화순 강화 고인돌 유적) are the location of hundreds of stone dolmens which were used as grave markers, and for ritual purposes during the first millennium BCE when the Megalithic Culture was prominent on the Korean Peninsula.
Pottery, comma-shaped jewels, bronzes, stone tools, and other funerary artifacts have been excavated from these dolmen.
Since then, multiple digs have been sponsored and an extensive program of inventory and preservation has been initiated by the Korean government.
[4] According to this theory, information about dolmens and their construction spread from Southeast Asia along with rice culture.
This theory relies at some other observations: the similarities in shape between dolmens in Korea and those in present-day Manchuria and southern Siberia and; the similarities in Bronze Age burial artifacts (see Liaoning bronze dagger culture) between those in Korea and those in present-day Manchuria; and the close connection between dolmens in present-day Manchuria and southern Siberia and the Bronze Age culture in those regions.
However, the distribution of dolmens in present-day Manchuria and southern Siberia is much less concentrated than in Korea, which weakens this theory.
[1] They are known as the Jungnim-ri dolmens and are centered in Maesan village, Gochang County, North Jeolla province.
[16] Hwasun Dolmen site is located in the valleys around the Jiseokgang River,[1] which connects Hyosan-ri, Dogok-myeon, and Dasin-ri, Chunyang-myeon.
[21] Ganghwa Island is a place rich in mountains and water and early ruling groups were formed to make dolmen.
[26] Sansuri, Yulchon-myeon, Yeosu, Jeollanam-do, is home to a dolmen presumed to be the largest in the world.
Dolmens existed in Jeongneung-dong, Gaepo-dong Daemo mountain, Umyun-dong, Yangjae-dong, Wonji-dong, and Gocheok-dong.
Among them, the dolmens in Won Ji-dong were discovered with related artifacts in 1984 but most of them are now believed to have been destroyed due to a lack of government protections (in the form of protective facilities, signs, and cultural property designations).
[28] Although there were many controversies over the function of the dolmen on the Korean Peninsula, it was confirmed that the stone was made for the purpose of the tomb in 1967 when the complete human bones were discovered at Hwangseok-ri Dolmen in Jecheon, North Chungcheong Province.
Claiming the function of the altar, the table dolmen might have served as an altar rather than a tomb, citing the fact that they are located higher than the surrounding area so that people can easily see, and the appearance of grandeur on the pedestal, and the structure of the pedestal, which is difficult to form a tomb.
[33] The claim that the person buried in the dolmen is a tomb of a powerful ruler, such as a tribal chief, is gaining credence.