[1][8][9][10] There are also records of merchants of other European nationalities such as the Spaniards, French, Italians and Irish, operating along the coast, in addition to American sailors and traders from New York, Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
[11][21][22][23][24][25] Euro-African marriage ceremonies largely combined traditional customary practices with nominal Western Christian standards of monogamy, often in accordance with official colonial rules of the time.
[2][28][29] There are also cases of intermarriages between Euro-Africans and immigrants from the African diaspora in the Atlantic such as Afro-Brazilians, West Indians and Sierra Leone Creoles descended from the Nova Scotian Settlers.
[31] There are also records of marriages between Euro-Africans and groups from Anglophone West Africa territories such as the Sierra Leone Creoles from Freetown, a focal trading centre and harbour city in that period.
[2][39][40] Though largely excluded from the higher ranks of state bureaucracy, Western-educated Euro-Africans formed the nucleus of the emerging literate, wealthy, urban, anglophile professionals, co-opting the imperial project aspirations on the Gold Coast.
[12] Additionally, George Lutterodt, an educated Ga-Danish mulatto merchant and an ally of the Basel missionary, Andreas Riis served as the acting Governor of the Danish Gold Coast from 5 July 1844 to 9 October 1844.
[2] In 1854 after the naval bombardment of Osu over the poll tax ordinance, Dowuona grudgingly accepted to be enstooled on condition of being allowed by the traditional polity to wear Western attire and be exempt from certain religious observances and rituals, in discharging his duties as the king of the town.
[50][51] A notable Western-educated Euro-African churchman was the Basel Mission pastor and historian, Carl Christian Reindorf whose magnum opus, The History of the Gold Coast and Asante, was published in 1895.
[2] Like their trader counterparts, Euro-Africans in white-collar occupations often socialised with European residents on the coast, engaging in "hard drinking, gambling and occasional outburst of violent behaviour.