The golden-backed bishop (Euplectes aureus) is a species of bird in the family Ploceidae.

It is found in western Angola and São Tomé Island.

he golden-backed bishop was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae.

[4] Gmelin based his account on the "Golden-backed finch" from Angola that had been described and illustrated in 1776 by the English naturalist Peter Brown.

[5] The golden-backed bishop is now one of 18 species placed in the genus Euplectes that was introduced in 1829 by the English naturalist William Swainson.