Gongbi

[2] The term related to gongbi, jiehua (Traditional: 界畫 [zh], Simplified: 界画 [zh]) meaning "boundary painting", refers to the accurate depiction of architectural forms aided by the ruler.

This style of art was accomplished in secret in royal palaces and private homes.

Gongbi is one of the oldest Chinese painting techniques that feature narratives or high authority figures in them.

There are four types of brushes for contouring; Hong Mao (red hairs), are used to draw thick strokes mainly for landscape and background visuals.

Gongbi requires drawing with fine lines first to represent the exaggerated likenesses of the objects, and then adds washes of ink and color layer by layer, so as to approach the perfection of exquisiteness and fine art.

The practice of Gongbi is specifically on rice paper when sketching out the design and layout of the drawing.

There are upward and downward strokes used that emphasize detailed pictures such as facial features and insects.