The 2020 census reported a population of 3,027 people in the township.

[3] Located in the central part of the county, it borders the following townships: Two villages are located in Goshen Township: Belmont in the north, and Bethesda in the center.

Goshen Township was settled about 1801 by settlers from Virginia, Pennsylvania and Ireland.

[6] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[7] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.