Gottschalk of Aachen

A supporter of King Henry IV during the Investiture Contest, his writings laid the theoretical foundation for the state's anti-papal propaganda.

[5] He probably left the chancery as a permanent member after 1084, but he continued as capellarius (chief notary) until at least 1098.

[6] Gottschalk was the primary author of two letters from 1076 disputing Pope Gregory VII's claims against Henry.

The first of these, drafted at Utrecht following the Synod of Worms, addressed Gregory VII by his baptismal name, Hildebrand, but was never sent.

In two of these, he defends the sequences Fecunda verbo and Exsulta exaltata and his theology against criticism.

He names his music teacher as Heinricus, composer of Omnis lapis pretiosus.