Gougenheim (French pronunciation: [ɡuɡənaim] ⓘ; German: Gugenheim) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

The bell tower of the parish church was formerly the dungeon of a castle which appears to have been built in the twelfth century and which disappeared probably in the late medieval period or as a result of the destructive wars of the seventeenth century.

Between 1147 and 1359 the castle was inhabited by the family of a senior functionary (famille de ministériels) employed by the Bishop of Strasbourg.

In the thirteenth century five knights were assigned to defend the bishop's castle.

By 1525 the castle was the seat of the bishops' bailiff, and in that year it played a role in suppressing the Peasants' Revolt, being the location chosen for an episcopal tribunal.