Goulburn River, a perennial river of the Hunter River catchment, is located in the Upper Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia.

Goulburn River rises at the confluence of Moolarben Creek and Sportsmans Hollow Creek, on the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, near the village of Ulan, east of Mudgee and flows generally eastward, joined by twenty-one tributaries including the Munmurra, Krui, Bylong, Bow, and Merriwa rivers and Worondi Rivulet.

The river descends 337 metres (1,106 ft) over its 221 kilometres (137 mi) course.

[3] William Lawson explored the area in 1823.

Goulburn River was named in honour of Henry Goulburn, a British politician in the 1820s.