[6] Gouldsboro was named for Jay Gould, who built a tannery in the area before becoming famous as a financier.

[4][19] Of Gouldsboro's households 71.7% were families, 55.8% were headed by a heterosexual married couple (Pennsylvania did not allow same-sex marriage until May 20, 2014, after the 2010 Census had been completed), and 30.3% included children under the age of 18.

Of all households 24.1% were made up of individuals, and 13.3% consisted of a person 65 years of age or older living alone.

[20][21] According to self-reported ancestry figures recorded by the ACS, the five largest ancestral groups in Gouldsboro in 2013 were Irish (40.3%), Germans (38.0%), Poles (13.9%), English (13.4%), and Italians (13.3%).

[24] The majority of Gouldsboro is in Lehigh Township, and is therefore served primarily by the North Pocono School District,[25] in which it is part of Region III.

The small part of the CDP which is contained within Coolbaugh Township, however, is in the Pocono Mountain School District,.