It consists of an executive, led by the Governor of Meghalaya, a judiciary and a legislative branch.

Like other states in India, the head of state of Meghalaya is the Governor, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Union Government.

The Chief Minister is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers.

Shillong is the capital of Meghalaya, and houses the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) and the Secretariat.

The present Meghalaya Legislative Assembly is unicameral, consisting of 60 Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) Its term is 5 years, unless sooner dissolved.