Legislative power is vested upon the Congress of the Union, a bicameral legislature comprising the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies.

Their position lasts for a period of six years, with no possibility of reelection, not even in the case of having served as interim, provisional or substitute.

They specify the obligations, powers requirements, and restrictions to the position; specifications ranging from the command of the armed forces; ownership of foreign, economic policies, social development, and public safety; the promulgation and enforcement of laws issued by the legislative branch; propose appointments to positions that require of the Senate or the Supreme Court; and various prerogatives granted in other articles of the same magna letter and federal laws.

The President is protected by the Presidential General Staff, which is the military technical body that assists the president in obtaining general information, planning the personal activities of the position, performing safety precautions, and participating in the execution of the activities coming for these purposes.

Since the beginning of his term, the official residence of the president Andrés Manuel López Obrador has been the National Palace, a building facing Mexico City's Zócalo.

The Senate addresses all matters that concern foreign policy, approves international agreements, and confirms presidential appointments.

However, to prevent a party to be overrepresented, several restrictions to the assignation of plurinominal seats are applied: The Senate consists of 128 representatives of the constituent states of the federation.

The powers of its executive and legislative branches they are understood as those that are the rights of the entities; as the ownership of the command of the public force (state police and national guard attached), direction and regulation of their own economic policies, of social development and public safety; as well as the administration of those resources that arise from their local taxes or own income.

Each municipality enjoys autonomy in its capacity to choose its own town hall which is responsible, in most cases; to provide all the public services required by its population.

This decentralized system allows for significant variation in local governance practices and policies across Mexico's diverse states.

Though not fully equivalent to a municipality in that they do not have regulatory powers, they have gained limited autonomy in recent years, and the representatives to the head of government are now elected by the citizens as well.