In modern Malaysian use, the term "government" refers broadly to the cabinet (formally the Executive Council of Perlis) of the day, elected from the Perlis State Legislative Assembly and the non-political staff within each state department or agency – that is, the civil and public services.

Although the Raja is technically the most powerful person in Perlis, he is in reality a figurehead whose actions are restricted by custom and constitutional convention.

In the construct of constitutional monarchy and responsible government, the executive councillors advice tendered is typically binding, though it is important to note that, despite appearances of the contrary, the Royal Prerogative belongs to the Crown, not to any of the executive councillors.

Today the next most powerful position is certainly the health portfolio which has a vast budget and is of central political importance.

The Legislative Assembly consists of 15 members, elected first past the post (FPTP) from single-member constituencies.