She held the position of Mexican Minister of Economy from 2018–2020, under President Andrés Manuel López Obrador.

[1] As of January 2021, she holds the position of Vice President of the Governing Board of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI).

Her Ph.D. dissertation was titled "The Political Economy of Mexican Protectionism, 1868-1911" and was awarded the Gershenkron Prize in 2002 by the Economic History Association.

[3] She belongs to the Mexican National System of Researchers and is the author of several articles on trade policy, industrialization, inequality and economic development.

[4] She also coedited a book titled The Decline of Latin American Economies: Growth, Institutions, and Crises, which was published by the University of Chicago Press and appeared in the National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report in 2007.