Natalya Alexeyvna was born in Saint Petersburg on 21 July 1714 as the daughter of Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia and his wife, Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.

After the death of her father, she and her brother were moved to the Russian royal court in 1719, where they were raised under the supervision of Anna Ivanovna Kramer.

[1] Her brother became monarch in 1727, and Natalya thus became an heir to the throne after her aunts Elizabeth and Anna.

Natalya was described as intelligent and kind, and was considered a good influence on her brother, who was very close to her.

[1] She died in Moscow at the age of 14 due to complications with tuberculosis, unmarried and without issue.