Yaroslavtsev entered the Physics and Technology Department at St. Petersburg Polytechnic University with the first result on the entry exam, and completed his B.S.
[10] The pilot program was founded by faculty at the St. Petersburg Department of Steklov Institute of Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences.
Yaroslavtsev's masters thesis was supervised by Edward Hirsch, the Acting Head of the Laboratory of Mathematical Logic at the Steklov Institute.
[13] Yaroslavtsev completed his Ph.D. in computer science in three years in 2013 at Pennsylvania State University, advised by Sofya Raskhodnikova.
In 2016, Yaroslavtsev joined the faculty at Indiana University in the Department of Computer Science and founded the Center for Algorithms and Machine Learning (CAML).
He is a competitive age-group triathlete, representing Team USA in the 2019 Ponteverdra ITU Long Distance Triathlon World Championships.