Grivna

The grivna (Old East Slavic: гривьна) was a currency as well as a measure of weight used in Kievan Rus' and other states in Eastern Europe from the 11th century.

In modern East Slavic languages it has such forms: Russian: гри́вна, grivna, Ukrainian: гри́вня, hryvnia, Belarusian: гры́ўня, hryŭnia.

The grivnas that have been found at various archaeological sites are not necklaces but bullions of precious metals, usually silver.

The Novgorod grivna had the weight 204 grams (0.450 lb) and became the basis for monetary systems in northeastern Rus', including the emerging Grand Duchy of Moscow.

[5] Since the 14th century, when coins started to be minted in northeastern Rus' (firstly in Moscow), the currency system of silver bullions and furs was becoming obsolete.

The grivna as a silver bullion currency did not survive, but its meaning as a unit of weight became predominant.