The founders of group psychotherapy in the United States were Joseph H. Pratt, Trigant Burrow and Paul Schilder.
In 1932 Jacob L. Moreno presented his work on group psychotherapy to the American Psychiatric Association, and co-authored a monograph on the subject.
[2] After World War II, group psychotherapy was further developed by Moreno, Samuel Slavson, Hyman Spotnitz, Irvin Yalom, and Lou Ormont.
It was pioneered in the mid-1940s by Kurt Lewin and Carl Rogers and his colleagues as a method of learning about human behavior in what became the National Training Laboratories (also known as the NTL Institute) that was created by the Office of Naval Research and the National Education Association in Bethel, Maine, in 1947.
Bion's approach is comparable to social therapy, first developed in the United States in the late 1970s by Lois Holzman and Fred Newman, which is a group therapy in which practitioners relate to the group, not its individuals, as the fundamental unit of development.
In Argentina an independent school of group analysis stemmed from the work and teachings of Swiss-born Argentine psychoanalyst Enrique Pichon-Rivière.
This thinker conceived of a group-centered approach which, although not directly influenced by Foulkes' work, was fully compatible with it.
[11] Projective psychotherapy uses an outside text such as a novel or motion picture to provide a "stable delusion" for the former cohort and a safe focus for repressed and suppressed emotions or thoughts in the latter.
[20] There is less robust evidence of good outcomes for patients with borderline personality disorder, with some studies showing only small to moderate effect sizes.
Most investigated interventions implemented short rationales, which usually were based on principles of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT).
Reported advantages of the modern format include improved between-session transfer and patient-therapist-communication,[31][34] as well as increased treatment transparency and intensity.
[28] Negative effects may occur in terms of dissonance due to non-compliance with online tasks, or the constriction of in-session group interaction.