[5] The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) classified Guaraní's language vitality as "vulnerable".

[7] Literacy within the Mbyá received an increased level of importance in the late 1990s as a product of new educational institutions in the villages.

Ethnologue considers Tapieté to be a separate language, intermediate between Eastern Bolivian and Paraguayan, and has shifted from the name Chiripá to Avá, though the latter is ambiguous.

Silvetti and Silvestri propound that "it was the Jesuits who gave it a grammar and a syntax and made it into one of the ‘lenguas generales’ used for the evangelization of the natives".

[12] The extensive research conducted as well as the expansive reach of the Guaraní language across Latin America has granted it an important position in the urban landscape.

In other words, Guaraní's official status in Paraguay combined with research studies that have followed has allowed for recent projects of standardization.

[15] As efforts move forward to standardize Guaraní, the expansion of its use across sectors in Latin America will only increase.

Finally, in the Paraguayan Chaco Department, there are 304 speakers of Eastern Bolivian/Western Argentine Guarani, known locally as Ñandeva[24] or Tapiete.

The largest Guarani group in the Chaco is that known locally as Guarayo who settled in Paraguay after the war with Bolivia (1932–35).

Eastern Bolivian Guarani, also known as Chawuncu or Chiriguano, is spoken in by 33,670 speakers (or 36,917) in the south-central Parapeti River area and in the city of Tarija.

In August 2009 Bolivia launched a Guarani-language university at Kuruyuki in the southeastern province of Chuquisaca which will bear the name of indigenous hero Apiaguaiki Tumpa.

[27] The expansive territory of the Guaraní encompasses a space that traverses the Brazilian, Paraguayan, Argentine and Uruguayan borders.

[29] The communities (commonly referred to as "missions") that the Jesuits established amassed a total population that surpassed 100 000 Guaraní peoples.

[28] Wilde articulated it well in his assertion that:The missions constituted an "imagined community" that over the course of 150 years incorporated very diverse populations that had to adapt to a single pattern of spatial and temporal organization.

[28] This treaty mandated the displacement of numerous Guaraní people living in areas controlled by the Spanish monarchy.

[28] The treaty granted the Portuguese monarchy the rights to specific areas previously under Spanish control.

In other words, in spite of the Guaraní being central to the stipulations of the treaty, they were completely absent from negotiation processes.

As a result, the only purpose the treaty fulfilled was the displacement and death of numerous Guaraní people and the destruction of their communities.

[29] In 2014, Brazil's Institute of National Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN) officially recognized Guaraní-Mbyá as being of cultural significance in Brazilian history.

[30] This decision was the product of a pilot project that researched the number of speakers of the language in conjunction with other important indicators.

[30] The conference afforded the Guaraní an opportunity to express their endorsement of Guaraní-Mbyá being recognized as a cultural reference point in Brazilian history.

It also provided the Guaraní an opportunity to develop stronger feelings of autonomy and agency with regard to their own cultural identities.

The first phase of this project, and its base purpose, is to train young peoples from five separate Guaraní-Mbyá villages in the southern coasts of Rio de Janeiro in documenting and inventorying both material and non-material culture that they deem to be relevant to themselves in the present day, and their past cultural histories.

The other phases of this project aim to introduce those residing in these villages to the process of micro-informatics, and other ways of documenting culture such as through photography.

[32] There are six different types of pronouns in Guarani: (i) personal; (ii) demonstrative; (iii) indefinite; (iv) numeral; (v) negative, and (vi) interrogative.

241) Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (help);NdeeYoure-ke-aA2SG-sleep-NMLZjawhilea-mba’eapoA1SG-workNdee re-ke-a ja a-mba’eapoYou A2SG-sleep-NMLZ while A1SG-work"While you were sleeping, I was working" (as cited in Estigarribia & Pinta, pg.

241) Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (help);Ipynandi[i-py+nandi]3.INACT-foot+uncoveredha’eha’eandijao[ij-ao3.INACT-clothessoro.soro]brokenIpynandi ha’e ijao soro.

Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (help);a-mo-poti-uka-se1SG.ACT-CAUS1-clean-TR.CAUS-DESndeve2SG.DATche-r-óga1SG.INACT-POSSM1/2-housea-mo-poti-uka-se ndeve che-r-óga1SG.ACT-CAUS1-clean-TR.CAUS-DES 2SG.DAT 1SG.INACT-POSSM1/2-house"I want to make you clean my house" (as cited in Estigarribia & Pinta, 2017, p. 51).

[35] The prefix "poro-" is utilized in association with human objects and "mba’e-" is used in contexts where inanimate as well as non-human subjects are present.

[40] A-mba’eapo1-workva’e-kueREL-PSTA-mba’eapo va’e-kue1-work REL-PST‘I worked/was working.’[40]In order to connect to future events, the morpheme suffix –rã is used.