The lighthouse location was prioritized sixth in a 1901 study of 15 Alaska proposed sites.

[4] Construction of the Guard Island Lighthouse began in the summer of 1903 and was completed by September 1904.

The 34-foot (10 m) wooden tower housed a fourth order Fresnel lens that produced a fixed white light.

However, the wood used for Guard Island Light Station, as well as for several other Alaskan lighthouses, soon deteriorated in the harsh weather conditions.

By the 1920s, all the lighthouses except Eldred Rock were falling apart, and in 1922, Congress authorized the reconstruction of Guard Island Light.