His dissertation, Die Grundklassen der Christlich-Abendländischen Musik bis 1600 (The Chief Divisions of Western Church Music up to 1600), was reprinted in Allgemeine Musikzeitung.
In 1884 he founded (with Friedrich Chrysander and Philipp Spitta) the Vierteljahresschrift für Musikwissenschaft (Musicology Quarterly).
His students at the Musikwissenschaftliches Institut included composers Anton Webern, Egon Wellesz and Karel Navrátil; conductor Theo Buchwald; violinist Rudolf Kolisch; music editor Felix Greissle; and musicologists Pavao Markovac, Heinrich Jalowetz, and Walter Graf.
In 1892-93 he edited a selection of musical compositions of the Emperors Ferdinand III, Leopold I, and Joseph I (two vols.).
[6] After the Anschluss in 1938, Adler was forced to resign from his position as editor of Denkmäler der Tonkunst in Österreich.
[9] At the end of World War II, the large part of Adler's library was returned to his son.