The Bridge between Guilford and Hamilton Townships, Brotherton Farm, and Gass House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Most of the township is in the Great Appalachian Valley, with the eastern portion occupied by several ridges that are part of South Mountain.

The unincorporated community of Guilford is in the north, and Fayetteville is to its east, along the border with Greene Township.

U.S. Route 11 runs parallel to the west of I-81, connecting Chambersburg, Guilford Springs, and Marion.

U.S. Route 30 crosses the northern part of the township through Fayetteville, Guilford, and Stoufferstown.

[5] The western border of the township is formed by Conococheague Creek, a southward-flowing tributary of the Potomac River.