[2] It was the influence of powerful Gujarati merchant elites that caused sultan Mahmud Shah of Malacca in the Malay peninsula to turn on the Portuguese when they reached that city in 1509.

[2]Portugal sought to participate in the Indian Ocean trade and was first brought into conflict with Gujarat when the Gujarati governor of Diu Malik Ayyaz joined a Mamluk-Calicut-Venetian coalition to drive the Portuguese out of India in 1508.

Portuguese victory was critical: the great Muslim alliance was soundly defeated, easing the Portuguese strategy of controlling the Indian Ocean to route trade down the Cape of Good Hope, circumventing the historical spice trade controlled by the Arabs and the Venetians through the Red Sea and Persian Gulf.

After the battle, the Kingdom of Portugal rapidly captured several key ports in the Indian Ocean including Goa, Colombo, Malacca and Ormuz.

[6] In 1529, the governor of India Lopo Vaz de Sampaio assembled a fleet to take Diu, however after departing from Chaul the Portuguese anchored by a small island within the Bombay harbour due to contrary winds.

[9] In 1530, a Portuguese naval squadron commanded by António da Silveira destroyed Surat and Rander, despite fierce resistance from its warlike Muslim population.

[11] In 1531, the Portuguese governor of India Nuno da Cunha assembled a large armada of up to 400 ships and 30,000 men to capture the island of Diu.

[16] Ghogha, Surat, Mangrol, Somnath, Bassein, Tarapur, Kelva, Mahim, Bulsar, Agashi, Patam, Pate, and many other settlements were assaulted and sacked, some never recovering from the attacks.

[20] The governor Nuno da Cunha intended to blockade Diu and cut it off from any supplies but as he calculated that Bassein might interfere with this plan, he set out against this city in late 1532 with 150 sail and 3,000 Portuguese soldiers plus 200 Kanarese auxiliaries.

[21] The Portuguese captured 400 pieces of artillery with a large supply of ammunition and after having ravaged the surrounding countryside they razed the fort.

[21] Albuquerque was successful and not only attacked Daman but burnt all the towns from Bassein to Tarapur and returned with considerable spoils and captured vessels after bringing Thana, Bandora, Mahim and Bombay under tribute.

[22] In 1534, Sultan Bahadur of Gujarat signed a peace treaty with Governor Nuno da Cunha, granting the Portuguese the territory of Bassein, including Bombay.

[23] An army of the Sultanate of Gujarat under Khoja Zufar aided by an Ottoman fleet led by the Ottoman governor of Egypt Hadım Suleiman Pasha, attempted to capture Diu in 1538 but the Portuguese under the command of captain António da Silveira resisted the four months long siege.

[31] Peace proposals in December 1546 were turned down and the governor Dom João de Castro ordered attacks across all of Gujarats coast.

[32] Having acquired information from fishermen of two captured vessels that nearby Bharuch was poorly protected, he conducted a daring night-time raid against the city, successfully assaulting it and sacking it.

[32] Due to the cessation of naval trade with Gujarat on account of the war, the governor of India faced considerable opposition in Goa.

[34] The Raja of Cannanore, the citizens of Goa and the prominent fidalgo Dom Francisco de Lima urged the governor to make peace.

[36] Daman was captured by the Portuguese governor of India Dom Constantino de Bragança in order to reinforce the security of Bassein.

[37] Cid Bofetá was then routed by António Moniz Barreto, who attacked his camp in a night-time raid with 500 men, while Dom Pedro de Almeida later captured nearby Valsad with 150 horse and 150 foot.