Baron Johan Gustaf Nils Samuel Åkerhielm af Margaretelund (24 June 1833 – 2 April 1900) was a Swedish politician, a baron, a landowner, member of the Riksdag of the Estates from 1859 to 1866 and the Andra kammar (Lower house) of the Riksdag from 1870 to 1900, a minister of finance from 1874 to 1875, a minister for foreign affairs in 1889, and a prime minister from 1889 to 1891.

Gustaf Åkerhielm was born in Stockholm, son of Swedish cabinet member Gustaf Fredrik Åkerhielm and his wife, Elisabeth Sophia Anker.

After diplomatic service in Saint Petersburg and Copenhagen, he had a successful political career, where he held a long succession of different positions in the government from minister of finance from 1874 to 1875.

Åkerhielm sought to solve military defense issues, but his efforts were blocked because of opposition in the Lower House of the Swedish Parliament.

In 1891, he was nevertheless forced to resign after an careless reply to a question about defense, which was interpreted as a war-like threat against Norway.