Gustaf Palmquist, also Palmqvist, (26 May 1812 – 18 September 1867) was a pioneer Swedish Baptist pastor and missionary in Sweden and the United States.

Palmquist was born on the farm Pilabo in Norra Solberga parish, Småland, Sweden, on 26 May 1812 to Sven Larsson, a kyrkvärd, similar to a churchwarden, and Helena Nilsdotter.

[1] The children were raised in a Pietist environment and visited influential revivalist preachers such as Pehr Nyman [sv], Peter Lorenz Sellergren, and Jacob Otto Hoof.

There they learned from Methodist preacher George Scott about Sunday school, which was common at the time in England but did not exist in Sweden.

At Esbjörn's request, Palmquist served briefly as its priest,[8] "but being a Baptist at heart, although not a confessed one, his work was not calculated to strengthen, but rather to disrupt and weaken the church, whose members were already wavering between the Methodist and the Congregational faith.

[10] At one point he was a missionary in Swede Bend, Iowa, whose views on believers' baptism drew converts from the local Lutheran church – the preacher nearly included – upsetting some in the community.

[16] Palmquist faced legal troubles after performing a wedding and also found that one of his meetings was planned to be disrupted by wild youths, instigated by local priests.