Gustav Ränk (18 February 1902 − 5 April 1998) was an Estonian ethnologist who was Professor of Ethnography at the University of Tartu, Director of the Estonian National Museum and Associate Professor of Ethnology at Stockholm University.

[1] Gustav Ränk was born on a farm in Nõmme on the island of Saaremaa on 18 February 1902.

In 1944, during the Baltic Offensive which led to the Occupation of the Baltic states, Ränk supervised the evacuation of collections from the University of Tartu, the Estonian National Museum and other Tartu research institutions, ensuring that invaluable material was saved for Estonian scholarship.

Ränk fled to Sweden in autumn 1944, and in 1955 was appointed Associate Professor of Ethnology at Stockholm University.

Ränk was awarded the Order of the National Coat of Arms, 4th Class in 1998.