He received a degree from the medical faculty of the Pázmány Péter University (today the medical faculty of the Semmelweis University) in 1928.
First, he worked in a private hospital, but in the same year he became Assistant in Medicine at the University of Chicago as pathologist.
He became professor of internal medicine specialized in thoracic diseases in 1949.
First he studied the special histological structure of bone, but histochemistry soon became his main field of research, which made him world-famous.
Gömöri died at his home in Palo Alto, California, in 1957 following a heart attack.