HD 10180, also designated 2MASS J01375356-6030414, is a Sun-like star in the southern constellation Hydrus that is notable for its large planetary system.

[9] The apparent visual magnitude of this star is 7.33, which is too faint to be viewed with the naked eye although it can be readily observed with a small telescope.

[note 1] With an estimated age of 7.3 billion years, it is a stable star with no significant magnetic activity.

[12] On August 24, 2010, a research team led by Christophe Lovis of the University of Geneva announced that the star has at least five planets, and possibly as many as seven.

[5][16] The planets were detected using the HARPS spectrograph, in conjunction with the ESO's 3.6 m telescope at La Silla Observatory in Chile, using Doppler spectroscopy.

In 2017, an orbital simulation showed that the formation of dynamically stable families of comets in the HD 10180 system is unlikely.

Since the inclination of the planets' orbits is unknown, only minimum planetary masses can presently be obtained.

HD 10180 b is a possible Earth-sized planet (minimum mass 1.3 times Earth's) located at 0.02 AU.

[5] HD 10180 j is a possible but unconfirmed hot super-Earth or gas dwarf claimed by Mikko Tuomi in 2012.

HD 10180 f is a hot Neptune and similar in mass to HD 10180 e. At an orbital distance of 0.49 AU and eccentricity of 0.12, its orbit is analogous to that of Mercury with a similar black-body-temperature range, though with its high mass, any greenhouse effect caused by an atmosphere would give it searing Venus-like or greater temperatures.

There is a possibility that a natural satellite with sufficient atmospheric pressure could have liquid water on its surface.