The most common, or "classical", type of HIV-associated nephropathy is a collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), though other forms of kidney disease may also occur.
[1] Regardless of the underlying histology, kidney disease in HIV-positive patients is associated with an increased risk of death.
Usually occurs only in advanced HIV disease and approximately 80% of patients with HIVAN have a CD4 count of less than 200.
General renoprotective measures and the treatment of the complications of nephrotic syndrome and kidney failure are adjunctive.
A South African study at Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, has shown HIVAN histology in 33/61(54%) biopsies performed in HIV positive patients.