Habibullah Khan (Pashto/Persian: حبيب الله خان ; 3 June 1872 – 20 February 1919) was the Emir of Afghanistan from 1901 until his assassination in 1919.

[1][2] Habibullah was the eldest son of Emir Abdur Rahman, and was born in Samarkand, Uzbekistan to a Pashtun family in 1872.

[8] Habibullah maintained the country's neutrality in World War I, despite strenuous efforts by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a German military mission (Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition) to enlist Afghanistan on its side.

He also greatly reduced tensions with British India, signing a treaty of friendship in 1905 and paying an official state visit in 1907.

[11] Habibullah requested Mustufi Husain Khan to find the assailants, and utilized this attempt to remove political dissenters and reformers against his government.

During the night of 19 February 1919, an assassin managed to avoid Habibullah's bodyguards, and shot him through the ear at very close range, killing him.