Hachure map

They show orientation of slope, and by their thickness and overall density they provide a general sense of steepness.

Being non-numeric, they are less useful to a scientific survey than contours, but can successfully communicate quite specific shapes of terrain.

Hachure representation of relief was standardized by the Austrian topographer Johann Georg Lehmann in 1799.

[2] Emil von Sydow designed maps with coloured hachures: green for lowlands and brown for highlands.

Hachures can also be used to represent water features such as coastlines or lakes, in which case they consist of fine parallel lines.

A Confederate position map of the First Battle of Manassas from the American Civil War . Includes some troop positions and lists of Confederate regiments with the names of their commanders. Relief shown by hachures. Scale [1:63,360].
A hachure map depicting Cortes' invasion route of Mexico.
A 19th-century map using hachures parallel to the coast to denote coastal waters and horizontal hachures to denote wetlands.