Hadiya people
Hadiya (Amharic: ሐድያ), also spelled as Hadiyya, is an ethnic group native to Ethiopia in southern region who speak the Hadiyyisa language.
it is mainly known for its Islamic influences in southern part of south shewa and west sharka[2] A historical definition of the Hadiya people based on the old Hadiyya Sultanate included a number of Ethiopian ethnic groups currently known by other names.
Hadiya people were fully Muslims until invasion of menilik II in 19th century that caused massive forced conversion to Christianity and increasing Protestant missionaries in late 19s.
[5] Clans of Hadiya origin in Oromia, Sidama, Wolayta, Gurage, Tigray (Rayyaa, Azaaboo, and Ashaange), and Afar were completely absorbed by these nations.
[7] A cluster of speakers labelled Hadiya-Sidama developed maintaining Islamic identity and later creating the Hadiya Sultanate as founding population.
[10] Another early mention is in a manuscript written on the island monastery of Lake Hayq, which states that after conquering Damot, Emperor Amda Seyon I proceeded to Hadiya and brought it under his control using Gura armies from modern day Eritrea which would later become Gurage.
[2] During the reign of Zara Yaqob (1434–1468), Garad Mahiko, the son of Garaad Mehmad, or Sultan of Hadiya, repeated his predecessor's actions and refused to submit to the Abyssinian Emperor.
[19] According to Portuguese explorer Francisco Alvarez, Abyssinian Christian aristocracy continued marrying Hadiya Muslim women as late as the sixteenth century during the reign of Lebna Dengel.
[20] In the middle of the sixteenth century Hadiya chiefs informed the Adal leader Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi that their people were forced to give their Muslim daughters to the Emperor of Ethiopia to be converted to Christianity annually as tribute.
Of its very diverse population, some, including most of the Rift valley pastoralists, joined the Oromo, adopting both their language and their gada social organization, which was the basis of their military strength.
In 1689, Iyasu's Armenian trade agent, Khodja Murad told the Dutch in Batavia that the king of Hadiya had ‘‘submitted of his own free will to the rule of Abyssinia.’’ after suffering defeats and displacements by Oromos.
[28] The last remaining Halaba Hadiya state held off until 1893 under their chief Barre Kagaw when the Abyssinians took advantage of the famine that had struck the region and led a conquest into their territory.
[29] Historical definition of Hadiya people includes a number of Ethiopian ethnic groups currently known by other names according to ethnologist Ulrich Braukämper, who lived in various parts of southern-central Ethiopia for over four years during his research.
[6] The Libidoo (Maräqo), Leemo, Sooro, Shaashoogo, and Baadawwaachcho remained a language entity and preserved an identity of oneness, the Hadiya proper.
[30] During the military campaigns of Emir Nur ibn Mujahid, a troop contingent of Somalis reached the slopes of the Gurage Mountains whose descendants have preserved the name "Barbare" which is said to have derived from the port-town of Berbera.
East-Gurage speaking: Azernet, Barbare, Ulbarag, Woriro, Wolane, Zay, Gadabaano, Abeechcho, Aboosare, Abbiyyo, Gammaso, Wosharmine, Qaalisha, Shandar 5.
Hadiya Clans in Arsi and Bale: Abaanna, Abbayymanna, Abbure, Aboosara, Holbaatmanna, Wonamanna, Woshermine, Yabsanna, Oodomanna, Lataamanna, Insemanna, Dollomana, etc.
Hadiya Clans in Harar (among Ittu Oromo, total 5 sub-groups): Abosaara, Asalmanna(Asallicho(Haballosa)), Dooyyomanna, Horsumanna, Tokkomanna 10.
The Rift Valley extends in a north-north-easterly direction from approximately 6° north latitude as a rough estimate, and continues through the Awaš depression towards the funnel-shaped Afar lowlands.
