[3] It is named for James Hamilton Jr.,[4] a former governor of South Carolina who gave financial aid to the Republic of Texas.

Later Native American tribes settled in the area, including Tawakoni, Tonkawa, Waco and Comanche.

Following Texas's independence from Mexico (1836) and its annexation by the United States (1845), Robert Carter and family became the first permanent white settlers in the county in 1854.

The next year, settlers James Rice, Henry Standefer, Frederic Bookerman, William Beauchamp, and Asa Langford formed a community that later becomes the town of Hamilton.

Despite growing white settlements in Texas, Indian tribal presences remained.

The St. Louis Southwestern Railway of Texas connected Hamilton with Gatesville and Comanche in 1911.

In 1934, the Civil Works Administration's payroll included 747 Hamilton County men, who together earned about $2,000 per day.

The assertion is based on a legend that Patrick F. Garrett helped Billy fake his own death.

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