[2] Hamilton Township is located in eastern Adams County, adjacent to the boroughs of Abbottstown and East Berlin.

Conewago Creek forms the northern boundary of the township.

U.S. Route 30, the Lincoln Highway, forms the southern border and passes through Abbottstown.

Pennsylvania Route 194 runs north–south through the eastern portion of the township, connecting Abbottstown and East Berlin.

15.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.