Handball goalkeeper

If such a jersey is not available the goalkeeper has to wear a bib that guarantees sufficient distinction between players involved.

Additional protective gear like face masks and helmets had been discussed in the early days of the game, but are nowadays prohibited, as are any items that could endanger the opposing players including piercings, necklaces, earrings and glasses.

The goalie is allowed to step out of the goal area and onto the playing field when not in possession of the ball at all times.

The goalkeeper is not allowed to leave the goal area with the ball under control if the referee has whistled for the execution of a goalkeeper-throw (5:6).

Strategies like the second wave or the so-called schnelle Mitte, are fast-action plays intended to catch the opposing team off guard.

The German goalkeeper Johannes Bitter managed to score two goals in that manner over the course of his 112 international games.

Disadvantages in height are effectively compensated by other factors, like jumping power and flexibility of the body.

Sports scientists coined the phrase Aktionsmuster, action patterns, which goalkeepers try to embed in their subconsciousness.

In 1992 a study conducted in Norway reported that 329 out of 729 (45%) handball goalkeepers suffered from pain in the elbow joint area.

The health problem caused recurring pain and often the goalkeepers had to stop playing for several games due to injury.

[9] A definite diagnosis is the main focus of current studies in order to develop sufficient prevention and treatment methods.

It has been under discussion for several years whether goalkeepers should be forbidden to step outside the goal area during fast breaks, a rule which has caused a lot of accidents between the goalie and field players.