Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington

Joyce wrote about the Sheehys in his acclaimed novel Ulysses, depicting Bessie as a 'social climbing matriarch', a description to which she vehemently objected.

[2] When Sheehy was a teenager, her family held an open house on the second Sunday night of each month, at 2 Belvedere Place near Mountjoy Square in Dublin.

James Joyce, who was a student at the nearby Belvedere College, and his younger brother Stanislaus, were regular visitors in 1896–1897.

Joyce nursed a secret love for her sister Mary, the prettiest girl in the family (and later Mrs. Tom Kettle).

[6] (In 2014, Owen's daughter, Dr Micheline Sheehy-Skeffington, won a gender discrimination case against NUI Galway.

[8] She was influenced by James Connolly and during the 1913 lock-out worked with other suffragists in Liberty Hall, providing food for the families of the strikers.

She strongly opposed participation in the First World War which broke out in August 1914, and was prevented by the British government from attending the International Congress of Women held in The Hague in April 1915.

[11] Lillian Metge, a regular Citizen reporter and suffragette friend (who bought Sheehy-Skeffington suitably coloured shoes at one time)[2] wrote in sympathy and sharing her grief.

[8] In December 1916 she went to the US to talk about the fight for Irish independence and to raise awareness on behalf of Sinn Féin, attending 250 meetings.

[8] In October 1917 she was the sole Irish representative to League of Small and Subject Nationalities where, along with several other contributors, she was accused of pro-German sympathies.

[14] At the 1943 general election, at the age of 66, Sheehy-Skeffington stood for the Dáil as an Independent candidate in the Dublin South constituency.

[8] Sheehy-Skeffington was a founding member of the Irish Women Workers' Union and an author whose works deeply opposed British imperialism in Ireland.

Although it began with only twelve founding members, the I.W.F.L grew to become one of the largest suffrage groups that existed in the early twentieth century.

[17] The IWFL's main goal was to ensure that votes for women were included in the proposed Home Rule Bill.

Meetings on a weekly basis were held in Dublin's Phoenix Park, alongside organised rallies throughout the country.

According to Margaret Cousins, their work was met with much hostility, yet by 1912 it was estimated they had approximately 1000 members, making it Ireland's largest suffrage society.

[8] Sheehy-Skeffington was dismissed in 1913 from her job as a teacher at Rathmines School of Commerce for her continued involvement in feminist militancy.

[21] Alongside Maud Gonne and Charlotte Despard, Sheehy-Skeffington helped establish the Women's Prisoners' Defence League, to campaign and fundraise for over 7000 republicans who were imprisoned as a consequence of the Irish Civil War.

[23] In January 1933, she entered Northern Ireland to speak on behalf of the female republican prisoners being held in Armagh jail.

She had been barred from entering Northern Ireland because of her political record and was subsequently arrested and held for fifteen days.

[12] Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington took over the position of editor when her husband was shot in 1916 and remained in this role, on and off, until 1920 when the publication ceased.

After the verdict in the court-martial of Bowen-Colthurst referring to her husband's death, Sheehy-Skeffington was not satisfied with the outcome and decided to bring her story to America.

[27] She also addressed huge crowds in New Haven, Springfield, Westfield, Hartford, Bridgeport, Lawrence, Meriden, Torrington, Fitchburg, New Bedford, Salem, Lowell, Worcester, Malden, Holyoke and Waterbury.

Journalists, Supreme Court Justices, clergy, labour leaders, pacifists, suffragists, newspapermen and socialists also attended her lecture tours.

She travelled to California, Los Angeles, Seattle, Portland, Montana, Butte, Pasadena and San Francisco.

She also spoke in Madison Square Garden in May before leaving New York City with her son, Owen Sheehy-Skeffington on 27 June 1918, ending the first round of her lecture tours.

[27] For the second round of her lectures, she replaced Muriel MacSwiney who was called back to Ireland by Eamon de Valera.

Her name and picture (and those of 58 other women's suffrage supporters) are on the plinth of the statue of Millicent Fawcett in Parliament Square, London, unveiled in 2018.

Hanna together with her husband Francis Sheehy-Skeffington
Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington in 1916
Plaque in Greystones commemorating the events of 25 October 1910, when Sheehy-Skeffington and Hilda Webb challenged Chief Secretary Augustine Birrell on the suffrage issue.
Bronze statue of Hanna Sheehy Skeffington in Kanturk, Ireland.
Bronze statue of Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington in Kanturk , Ireland.
Plaque commemorating Hanna Sheehy Skiffington window smashing