[1] This firearm was a rifle directly patterned on the German Gewehr 88 and was initially fielded by the New Armies of the Qing Dynasty.

[5] It served as one of the standard battle rifles used by the National Revolutionary Army from its founding in 1925 until the late 1940s, after the end of World War II.

[6] Japanese forces in China captured large numbers of the Hanyang 88s and issued them to second-line units and collaborationist Chinese troops.

[12] As part of the Sino-Soviet split, China supplied surplus Hanyang 88s to the Afghan Mujahideen during the Soviet-Afghan War.

[2] The Hanyang 88 was essentially a copy of the Gewehr 88, with a few minor differences, including the absence of the barrel shroud, and an extension of the bayonet.

[12] In 1904, the rifle's design was changed to remove the barrel shroud and more wood placed on it to protect the person's hands from being burned.