The island was acquired in 1983 by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service from its previous owner, The Nature Conservancy, and set aside as a refuge.

Potagannissing Bay is rich in freshwater fish, including lake trout and whitefish.

The island itself contains balsam, paper birch, cedar, sugar maple, and red oak.

[1] There are no bridges to Harbor Island, and visitors arrive by boat.

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