Hardeman County was one of 46 prohibition or entirely dry counties in the state of Texas until November 2006, when voters approved referendums to permit the legal sale of alcoholic beverages for on- and off-premises consumption.

[5] The Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River joins with Buck Creek in the northwestern corner of the county to form the Red River, which flows east to form the northern border of the county, separating it from Oklahoma.

About 29.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

Georgia-Pacific operates a gypsum plant in the small community of Acme, located 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Quanah on U.S. Highway 287.

Republican Drew Springer, Jr., a businessman from Muenster in Cooke County, has represented Hardeman County in the Texas Senate since 2021, and previously in the Texas House of Representatives from 2013 to 2021.

Hardeman County formerly leaned Democratic, however in recent years it has swung to become solidly Republican.