Harlan John Bushfield (August 6, 1882 – September 27, 1948) was an American politician from South Dakota.

As a senator, he supported U.S. participation in World War II and federal spending on programs of concern to South Dakota, including relief for farmers still recovering from the Depression.

[8] In 1930, he announced his candidacy for a seat on the South Dakota Supreme Court, but withdrew before the primary election.

[10] He served until June 1938, giving up the post after obtaining the Republican nomination for governor in the May primary.

[5] In 1942, Bushfield was the successful Republican nominee for a seat in the United States Senate, and he served from January 1943 until his death.

[5] Though he supported US involvement in World War II and relief for farmers still coping with the aftereffects of the Great Depression, he also advocated for several isolationist positions, including opposition to both reciprocal trade agreements and the founding of the United Nations.

[5] In October, the governor appointed Bushfield's wife Vera to temporarily fill the Senate vacancy caused by his death.

[14] This appointment gave Mundt seniority over other senators elected in 1948, whose terms also started in January 1949.