Like the other 576 French constituencies, it elects one MP using a two round electoral system.

The 1st constituency of Hautes-Pyrénées covers the east of the department including part of Tarbes, the rest being in Hautes-Pyrénées's 2nd constituency.

The constituency was historically generally supportive of Socialist Party candidates with the exceptions of 1993 until 2017.

In 2017 the incumbent PS candidate came third in the first round of voting behind both En Marche!

deputy was defeated by Sylvie Ferrer of La France Insoumise.