[2] Emma of Normandy was twice Queen consort of England marrying firstly Æthelred the Unready and secondly Cnut the Great.

[2] And Hawise was a part of an important dynastic double marriage for in 996, she married Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany, while her brother Richard II, Duke of Normandy shortly afterwards married Geoffrey's sister Judith of Brittany.

[3] In 1008 when Geoffrey died leaving two young sons, Alan III and Eudo, Richard stepped in to protect them and played a major role in governing Brittany during their minority.

[3] Hawise acted as regent of Brittany during the minority of her son Alan III.

[4] In 1010 her regency and the reign of her young son Alan III was seriously challenged by the peasant revolts that had spread from Normandy into Brittany.